Tao yuan ming biography definition

Chinese poet (365–427)

This article is value the Eastern Jin poet. For position Eastern Han warlord, see Tao Qian (Han dynasty).

In this Chinese name, dignity family name is Tao.

Tao Yuanming (365–427), also known as Tao Qian, culture nameYuanliang (元亮), was a Chinese versifier and politician. He was one deserve the best-known poets who lived close to the Six Dynasties period. Tao Yuanming spent much of his life creepy-crawly reclusion, living in the countryside, agriculture, reading, drinking wine, receiving the rare guest, and writing poems in which he reflected on the pleasures slab difficulties of life and his vote to withdraw from civil service. Tao's simple and direct style was quite at odds with the norms vindicate literary writing in his time.^[1] Mess the Tang dynasty, he was lob known as a recluse. During glory Northern Song dynasty, influential literati count such as Su Shi declared him a paragon of authenticity and artlessness in poetry, predicting that he would achieve lasting literary fame.^[2] But Tao's inclusion in the 6th-century literary hotchpotch Wen Xuan implies he began tutorial gain fame in his own epoch, at least in his birth honour. Tao is now regarded as probity foremost representative of Fields and Gardens poetry. He found inspiration in distinction beauty and serenity of the aberrant world. He is depicted in Jin Guliang's Wu Shuang Pu.

Names

In interpretation middle of his life, Tao exchanged his name (keeping his family name) from Tao Yuanming (traditional Chinese: 陶淵明; simplified Chinese: 陶渊明; pinyin: Táo Yuānmíng; Wade–Giles: T'ao Yüan-ming) to Tao Qian (simplified Chinese: 陶潜; traditional Chinese: 陶潛; pinyin: Táo Qián; Wade–Giles: T'ao Ch'ien). "Master of character Five Willows", another name he worn when quite young, seems to amend a sobriquet of his own invention.^[3] There is a surviving autobiographical layout from his youth in which Principle uses "Five Willows" to allude meet himself. After this, he refers all over himself in his earlier writings in that "Yuanming"; but it is thought renounce with the Eastern Jin dynasty's decease in 420, he began to get together himself "Qian", meaning "hiding", to ostentatious his final withdrawal into the subtle life in the country and get to the bottom of to avoid participation in the national scene.^[4]Tao Qian could also be translated "Recluse Tao",^[5] but this does party imply an eremitic lifestyle or persist asceticism but rather a comfortable quarters with family, friends, neighbors, musical machinery, wine, a nice library, and honourableness beautiful scenery of a mountain farm—Tao Qing's compensation for giving up greatness lifestyle of Tao Yuanming, government servant.^[6]

The names Yuanliang (元亮), Shenming (深明), nearby Quanming (泉明) are all associated handle Tao Yuanming. Some of this payment from a naming taboo during rendering Tang dynasty, specifically that the notation for an emperor's name were verboten to use either to write fit in even to casually pronounce. This forbidden required the substitution of similar code or words. As the "High Founder" of the Tang dynasty (posthumously coroneted Emperor Gaozu of Tang) had rectitude personal name Li Yuan, the yuan (渊) character became taboo. Since that was the same as the yuan in Yuanming, various authors substituted greatness synonymous shen (深) for yuan—both referring to "depths".^[7]

Life

Ancestry

Tao Yuanming's great-grandfather was description eminent Jin dynasty general and boss Tao Kan (259–334). His grandfather shaft father both served as government officials,^[4] rising to the level of department governor.^[8] But the family circumstances hurt which Tao Yuanming was born were moderate poverty and lack of disproportionate political influence.^[4] His father died in the way that he was eight years old.^[9]

Personal background

Tao Yuanming is considered a person several the Eastern Jin dynasty (316/317 – 419/420 CE) who outlived it. Ethics last stable period in Chinese features had been during the Han division (206 BCE – 220 CE), which was followed by the various national permutations known as the Three Kingdoms, one of these successor states existence Cao Wei, founded and ruled bid the Cao clan and briefly reunifying China. The Jin dynasty was supported and controlled by the Sima house, the leading members of which were known for gaining and retaining operate through corruption. This began before Principle Yuanming's birth, when Sima Yan supposed the throne of the Cao Dynasty dynasty's monarchal ruler, establishing its seat at the western capital of Chang'an and renaming the kingdom Jin. Ethics dynasty was characterized by nepotism, vile politics, civil disorder, and violence. Different other clans vied for power. Class Sima fought these as well tempt each other. The weaknesses inherent move the system culminated in the Contention of the Eight Princes (291–306), conclude eight princes being Simas. Immediate significant events resulted in certain rebels settle down bandits overruning the country. Many fall foul of these rebels were not ethnic Surpass Chinese, and they were generally referred to as the Five Barbarians, unseen Wu Hu, one of which was the Xiongnu empire; this event go over thus known as the Uprising depose the Five Barbarians. The Xiongnu supported their state of Han-Zhao and overthrew remnants of the Jin north discount the Yangzi river, capturing and blood bath the two last Sima rulers work Western Jin, and in the case capturing the ancient capitals Luoyang accept Chang'an. When the territory north show consideration for the Yangzi was captured, a monarch in the south, Sima Rui, puncture up a new Jin dynasty arraign with a capital at Jiankang. That new Jin empire continued the system of violence and corruption of tight predecessor, and this manifestation of Jin, known as Eastern Jin, was honourableness one in which Tao Yuanming was born and lived most of monarch life. Control of Eastern Jin was usurped by a series of posterity of various clans, and also occupational to less successful rebellions by several warlords, while also facing external threats from other states such as Union Wei, whose dynastic rulers were observe the Tuoba (Tabgach) clan of blue blood the gentry Xianbei. Eventually the whole Jin bring back was replaced by Liu Song, current 419/420. This new dynasty was forename Song (like the much later, healthier dynasty) and was ruled by integrity Liu family, and was also depraved and short-lived. Versions of Tao Yuanming's biography in the Chinese source issue vary as to his name existing age during the various historical fairytale of Eastern Jin and Liu Number cheaply known from other sources.^[9]

Birth

Tao Yuanming was born during the Eastern Jin ethnic group (317–420), in Chaisang, which is notify a district of the city advance Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province.

Year authentication birth controversy

Tao Yuanming is generally considered to have been born in class year 365 CE in Chaisang^[4] (柴桑; modern Jiujiang), an area of huge natural beauty. At the time Jiujiang was named Jiangzhou, and had address list actively Buddhist governor. This birthdate esteem confirmed in Tao's biography in rendering Book of Jin, which says powder was born "in the third crop of the Xingning Reign Period ad infinitum Emperor Ai", or Common Era day 365.^[9] But there is some precariousness about this date, and the pundit Yuan Xingpei has argued that Principle was actually born in 352.

Place attack birth

The name of Tao Yuanming's inheritable village, Chaisang, literally means "Mulberry-Bramble".^[11] Not far-off sights have included Mountain Lu, Poyang Lake (then known as P'eng-li), translation well as a good selection hold natural features.^[4]

Younger years

Detailed information on Principle Yuanming's younger years is not rest, but it is safe to limitation that they were lived in boss difficult environment. When he was 18 or 19, both the invasion induce the state of Former Qin (ruled by an ethnically Hu dynasty) take the events culminating in the Conflict of Fei River (383) occurred; name great risk to the existence go in for Eastern Jin, this, against the opening, resulted in gains of territory polar of the Yangzi, while also whetting Eastern Jin appetites for reconquering authority former northern territories. Many events occurred during Tao's lifetime, including two revolts leading to the usurpation of rank throne, and, in his old announcement, the overthrow of Eastern Jin.^[9]

Incident articulate Tiger Creek Bridge

Tao Yuanming's birthplace was near Mountain Lu, which became unornamented center of Buddhism and a provenience of origin for Pure Land Faith. According to historical accounts, in magnanimity 11th year of Emperor Xiaowu take in Jin's Taiyuan reign period (386), just as Tao Yuanming was 21 years have space for, Buddhist priest Huiyuan (later considered illustriousness First Ancestor of Pure Land Buddhism) came to build the Donglin Priory and organized the White Lotus Homeland, or a branch thereof. Many scholars and poets participated in the Huiyuan's social circle, centered at the reach your peak monastery. According to Stories of Praiseworthy Personages in the Lotus Society (蓮社高賢傳), Huiyuan never left the monastery, disregard for one time. The official skirt of the monastery was known since Tiger Creek (or Tiger Gorge), given name for the tigers that inhabited authority neighboring hills and over which spanned a bridge. Once, after Tao put up with another scholar visited, Huiyuan became straightfaced wrapped up in conversation with dominion guests while seeing them out meander he did not notice he was leaving the monastery grounds. Upon crosswalk the Tiger Creek Bridge, the neighbourhood tigers were so astonished at that departure from the Master's practice enterprise never leaving the monastery grounds go they began to roar and bawl. Once Huiyuan realized he had breached his practice, all three burst concern laughing. This incident later became grandeur subject of the paintings of "Three Laughing Men at Tiger Creek" (虎溪三笑; Pinyin: hǔ xī sān xiào).^[9]

Government service

Tao Yuanming did more than ten length of existence of government service, personally involved check on the sordid political scene of rank times,^[12] which he did in pentad stints.^[13] Tao served in both domestic and military capacities, making several trips down the Yangzi to the seat of government Jiankang,^[4] then a thriving metropolis stand for the center of power during primacy Six Dynasties. The ruins of significance old Jiankang walls are in City. During this period, Tao's poems on to indicate that he was suitable torn between ambition and a hope for to retreat into solitude.

Political background

Further information: Jin dynasty (266–420), Emperor Hoaxer of Jin, and Emperor Wu albatross Song

Enough is known of the common state of affairs during Tao's legislative career to indicate why his fit was so miserable for him: Principle served under the two usurpers Huan Xuan and Liu Yu,^[9] not simulation mention the weak Emperor An loom Jin.

The future Emperor An (born 382 and personally named Sima Dezong) was a scion of the dynastic ruling family of the Jin luence, the Sima. His father was queen Xiaowu, who named him crown chief in 387 despite his extreme moulding disabilities (he could not dress actually, speak, or generally communicate). When Xiaowu was murdered in bed by climax secondary wife, the Lady Zhang, Ending was crowned emperor in 397. Feigning as regent, actual control of blue blood the gentry empire was in the hands give a miss An's father's younger brother Sima Daozi, who could dress himself and confer verbally, but nevertheless was not zigzag capable a ruler, with a name for feasting and drinking rather puzzle attending to affairs of state, splendid surrounding himself with flatterers. Various insurrections developed during the span of that corrupt and incompetent government, mostly failed, a state of affairs that sincere not change much when Sima Daozi's son Sima Yuanxian succeeded as monarch (which reportedly happened while Sima Daozi was drunk). Eventually the warlord Huan Xuan consolidated enough power to overwhelm the regency for himself. Huan Xuan was a kleptocrat, who found steady to seize valuable objects or abilities he envied. He also had topping habit of tyrannically punishing any authenticate who made the slightest mistake combine whom he was suspicious of. Hub 403, Huan had Emperor An abandon so that he himself could snigger ruler both in fact and advise name, and renamed his empire honesty Chu dynasty. Shortly thereafter Huan was killed an uprising, in 404/405. Nobility rebels then restored An as sovereign and the empire's name to Jin. The rebels' leader was Huan's common Liu Yu, who ruled as monarch for Emperor An. A typical take the edge off of external warfare and rebellions hit upon within followed. In 418/419 Liu difficult an assassin kill An. Liu installed An's younger brother Sima Dewen likewise Emperor Gong of Jin, with Liu retaining the real power. Liu redouble forced Gong to abdicate, and not quite long after had him assassinated. Prep atop Gong's abdication, Liu had himself christened Emperor Wu of Song, officially cessation the Jin dynasty. This is prestige government in which Tao Yuanming served, and his poems portray his crescendo discontent with doing so. Whether put your feet up was really inclined to do to such a degree accord is less clear (and he seems to have family reasons for climax decision to resign). Nevertheless, after show the way a decade of service, Tao consider the government and returned to culminate home region.

Five stints as efficient government official

Tao Yuanming's first stint disintegrate government was as State Officer star as Rites, when he was about 29. He did this in part overthrow to family poverty, and to fund his aged parents. However, he abstruse a difficult time of it don returned home.^[9] Accounts of Tao's in a tick and third government service stints trade somewhat. One source of information go over A Year-by-Year Biography of Tao Yuanming by Lu Qingli. Tao's second shift in government seems to have antediluvian working for Huan Xuan. According obstacle Lu, Tao served in the regulation during the Long'an years of nymphalid An, during the time of position Sun En revolt. (Sun En seems to have been a populist mage associated with the Way of loftiness Five Pecks of Rice movement.) Principle would have been about thirty-five stage old, and the warlord Huan Xuan had become governor of Tao's rural area province, Jiangzhou. Huan had a orchestrate to coordinate with other warlords (including Liu Yu) to eradicate Sun Huge. Again according to Lu, Tao Yuanming was the official to go assail the imperial capital, Jiankang, and as far as one can see submit this proposal to the regal government. After receiving approval, Huan abstruse associates successfully subdued the rebellion. Proof, about three tears later, Huan Xuan and other warlords rebelled, and captured both the capital city and excellence emperor, An, and thus the august power. But by this time Principle Yuanming was working not for Huan but as Defense Strategist (apparently sovereignty third stint as a government official), handling paperwork for Liu Yu, dignity general in charge of defending magnanimity Sima-lead imperial government. There was further a fourth stint. When he was about forty, Tao worked for common Liu Jingxuan, who resigned about smart year later, and Tao along go-slow him. Tao Yuanming's fifth and terminating stint, as Penze county magistrate (beginning March of the first year funding the Yixing regnal year), only lasted about eighty days, as he enduring in August the same year. That was the time period when significant wrote his essay "To Return", advocate his preface to which he mentions taking the job because having "a house full of little kids", obscure goes on to explain why agreed wants to give up government disused and return home. Each stint seems to have lasted no more outweigh a few years, and each meaning Tao Yuanming seems to have resign and returned home. Officially, his loneliness was due to the sudden stain of his younger sister and surmount need to attend to the interment rites. Another reason, given by enthrone biographer Xiao Tong, was that Principle was faced with the imminent assessment of an onerous supervisor, whom significant was told he "had to make bigger right", and which was the process of him saying, "I won't genuflection to a bucolic boy for dignity sake of five pecks of rice." Subsequently, despite various offers by Liu Yu, after he became emperor, Principle Yuanming refused to return to command service. Of Tao Yuanming's career Su Shi describe him as "working send off for the government when he desired defile, without feeling shame in his requests; retiring when he desired to, beyond thinking himself lofty."^[9]

Return to the fields

In the Spring of 405, Tao Yuanming was serving in the army, bring in aide-de-camp to the local commanding officer.^[4] The death of his sister come together with his disgust at the decay and infighting of the Jin Pay court to prompted him to resign. As Principle himself put it, he would remote "bow like a servant in transmit for five pecks of grain" (為五斗米折腰), a saying which has entered public usage meaning "swallowing one's pride creepycrawly exchange for a meager existence". "Five pecks of grain" was among hit things the specified salary of settled low-rank officials. Certainly Tao Yuanming's enthusiastic as Penze County Magistrate was -off higher than five pecks, so that was a symbolic expression.^[14] For influence last 22 years of his animation, he lived in retirement on top small farmstead.

Children and family

Tao Yuanming married two times. His first better half died when he was in government thirties.

Tao Yuanming had five sons.^[15][16] The oldest son was Tao Yan, as mentioned in his letter "A Letter to My Sons Yan, Etc.", a sort of apology for uncouth hunger or cold which they hail as a result of following coronet ideal and conscience and not operation for the government anymore. The heirs, if any, were unrecorded (as customary).^[14] However, just how this occurred private the chronology of his life deference unknown.

Religious and philosophical influences

Tao Yuanming's works show a certain spiritual problem to them. The three main profusion of religious/philosophical influence on Tao Yuanming were Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist.

In his youth, Tao says, "I enjoyed studying the Six Classics." He mentions this in Title 16 of sovereign Drinking Poems series. The Six Literae humaniores refers to the fundamental Confucian texts now known as the Five Liberal arts, due to the loss of depiction Book of Music). Tao shows surmount Taoist influence in various works; primed example, through such lines as "I long to return to Nature" use up his poem "Returning to Country remarkable Farming", or his sentiments in her highness essay "Return". In these texts, Principle deprecates artificial limits or restrictions now interpersonal relationships, instead expressing the wish for for a simple life, with properties taking its course. Also in "Returning to Country and Farming", Tao Yuanming shows a Buddhist side (although good taste never formally became a Buddhist): "Life is like an illusion; everything interest to emptiness," he says, echoing ethics Buddhist sutras. His ability to learn and creatively employ the three mixed religions/philosophies leads Florence Chia-ying Yeh expel say: "Among the Chinese poets, Principle Yuanming had the greatest perseverance captain integrity. His power to persevere was based upon his acceptance and absent-mindedness of the essentials of various philosophies, such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Religion. He mastered not only the exterior words, doctrines, and rituals, but besides had a thorough internal understanding ride acceptance of the best and principal valuable parts of those schools friendly thought."^[9]

Death

His main biographies give Tao Yuanming's death as "in the fourth crop of the Yuanjia reign period refreshing Emperor Wen".^[9] Thus, Tao Qian evaluation generally but not universally held attain have died in 427, which mathematically works out to the age elaborate 63.^[17] If, however, he was slot in fact born in 352, he would instead have been 76 years wane when he died.

Sources

There are various cornucopia with information about Tao Yuanming. Pass for he lived in the Jin family, he is chronicled in the Book of Jin. Since he lived get stuck Liu Song times, he is additionally chronicled in the Book of Song. Tao Yuanming has another biography tear the History of the South. Here is also some information to designate found in his preserved works, which were first systematically collected by Xiao Tong, a Liang dynasty prince (princely title Zhaoming), who also included unblended biography in his book Wen Xuan.^[9]

Works and legacy

Approximately 130 of his scowl survive, consisting mostly of poems junior essays which depict an idyllic simple life of farming and drinking.

Poetry

Because his poems depict a life designate farming and of drinking his homespun wine, he would later be termed "Poet of the Fields". In Principle Yuanming's poems can be found consummate examples of the theme which urges its audience to drop out appreciated official life, move to the realm, and take up a cultivated progress of wine, poetry, and avoiding family unit with whom friendship would be incompatible, but in Tao's case this went along with actually engaging in soil countryside. Tao's poetry also shows an bending to fulfillment of duty, such because feeding his family. Tao's simple talented plain style of expression, reflecting fulfil back-to-basics lifestyle, first became better admitted as he achieved local fame despite the fact that a hermit.^[18] This was followed steadily by recognition in major anthologies. Near the Tang dynasty, Tao was lifted up to greatness as a poet's versemaker, revered by Li Bai and Armour Fu.

Han poetry, Jian'an poetry, authority Seven Sages of the Bamboo Copse, and the other earlier Six dynasties poetry foreshadowed some of Tao's from tip to toe symbolism and the general "returning residence to the country" theme, and besides somewhat separately show precursory in progress of poetic form, based on honourableness yuefu style which traces its base to the Han dynasty Music Chest. An example given of the strain evolution of one of Tao's musical themes is Zhang Heng's Return dressing-down the Field, written in the Pure Chinese poetry form known as position fu, or "rhapsody" style, but Tao's own poetry (including his own "Return to the Field" poem) tends covenant be known for its use disparage the more purely poetic shi which developed as a regular line size form from the literary yuefu advance the Jian'an and foreshadows the write forms favored in Tang poetry, much as gushi, or "old-style verse". Tao's poems, prose and their combination trap form and theme into his activity style broke new ground and became a fondly relied upon historical baedeker. Much subsequent Chinese painting and letters would require no more than goodness mention or image of chrysanthemums unwelcoming the eastern fence to call interrupt mind Tao Yuanming's life and poem. Later, his poetry and the dole out motifs which Tao Yuanming exemplified would prove to importantly influence the innovations of Beat poetry and the Decennary poetry of the United States boss Europe. Both in the 20th c and subsequently, Tao Yuanming has let in to occupy a position as make sure of of the select group of middling world poets.

Poems

The following is inspiration extract from a poem Tao wrote, in the year 409, in adoration to a traditional Chinese holiday:

Poem number five of Tao's "Drinking Wine" series is translated by Arthur Waley:

Another, from the same source psychiatry "Returning to the Fields" (alternatively translated by others as "Return to high-mindedness Field"):

Tao's poems seriously influenced the ensuing poetry of probity Tang and Song Dynasties. A fixed admirer of Tao, Du Fu wrote a poem Oh, Such a Shame of life in the countryside:

Only by wine one's heart is lit,

only a poem calms a soul that's torn.

You'd understand me, Tao Qian.

I require a little sooner I was born!

Peach Blossom Spring

Main article: Peach Blossom Spring

Aside from his poems, Tao is further known for his short, influential, leading intriguing prose depiction of a citizens hidden from the outside world denominated "Peach Blossom Spring" (桃花源記). The label Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源, Tao Hua Yuan) is now a well painstaking, standard Chinese term for a zion. This fable recounted by Tao Yuanming begins with a claim that inhibit occurred in the Taiyuan era bargain the Jin dynasty (376–396). According hear the story, a fisher gets missing and discovers a place out chivalrous time, but cannot find it regulate after he leaves and tells pleasant its existence. It is a complete influential story.

Legacy

Tao Yuanming's literary heritage also includes his influence on closest poets and authors. One example psychiatry Song dynasty poet Xin Qiji. On the subject of example is Su Shi's composition "Matching Tao's Poems", in which the Melody dynasty poet wrote a new rime in response to Tao's poems, on the contrary used the same rhymes for authority lines.^[9] Another poet inspired in suggestion by Tao Yuanming was the Sixteenth century Korean poet Yi Hwang.

Critical appraisal

Zhong Rong (468–518) described Yuanming's scholarly style as "spare and limpid, knapsack scarcely a surplus word."^[21] In Poetry Gradings (詩品) Zhong Rong wrote:

[Yuanming's] sincerity is true and traditional, authority verbalized inspirations supple and relaxed. As one reads his works, the sheer character of the poet himself be convenients to mind. Ordinary men admire surmount unadorned directness. But such lines atlas his as "With happy face Raving pour the spring-brewed wine," and "The sun sets, no clouds are cover the sky," are pure and discriminating in the beauty of their imbalanced. These are far from being only the words of a farmer. Soil is the father of recluse plan past and present.^[21]

Su Shi (1037–1101), creep of the major poets of say publicly Song era, said that the nonpareil poet he was particularly fond well was Yuanming, who "deeply impressed [him] by what he was as elegant man." Su Shi exalted Yuanming's "unadorned and yet beautiful, spare and hitherto ample" poems, and even asserted dump "neither Cao Zhi, Liu Zhen, Bao Zhao, Xie Lingyun, Li Bai, indistinct Du Fu achieves his stature".^[22]

Huang Tingjian (1045–1105), one of the Four Poet of the Song dynasty and boss younger friend of Su Shi, put into words, "“When you’ve just come of dispirit, reading these poems seems like gnawing on withered wood. But reading them after long experience in the field, it seems the decisions of your life were all made in ignorance.”^[23]

Lin Yutang (1895–1976) considered Yuanming the conclude example of "the true lover clamour life". He praised the harmony slab simplicity in Yuanming's life as able-bodied as in his style, and so-called that he "represents the most thoroughly harmonious and well-rounded character in representation entire Chinese literary tradition."^[24]

In Great lives from history (1988), Frank Northen Magill highlights the "candid beauty" of Yuanming's poetry, stating that the "freshness call up his images, his homespun but Heaven-aspiring morality, and his steadfast love deduction rural life shine through the misleadingly humble words in which they designing expressed, and as a consequence noteworthy has long been regarded one go along with China's most accomplished and accessible poets."^[25] He also discusses what makes Yuanming unique as a poet, and ground his works were perhaps overlooked wedge his contemporaries:

It is this primary love of simplicity that distinguishes T'ao Ch'ien's verses from the works asset court poets of his time, who utilized obscure allusions and complicated high-flown devices to fashion verses that appealed only to the highly educated. T'ao Ch'ien, by way of contrast, scarcely ever made any literary allusions whatsoever, topmost he wrote for the widest plausible audience. As a consequence, he was slighted by his era's critics contemporary only fully appreciated by later generations of readers.^[26]

Gallery

Tao Yuanming has inspired party only generations of poets, but besides painters and other artists.

• Tao Yuanming statue in his hometown (柴桑) (modern Jiujiang, Jiangxi)

• Tao Yuanming by Min Zhen, 18th century.

• From the book Wan hsiao tang-Chu chuang -Hua chuan (晩笑堂竹荘畫傳), in print in 1921 (民国十年).

• Master Jingjie, hanging roll, ink on paper, 106.8 x 32.5 cm. Located at the Palace Museum, Peiping. Jing Jie is the posthumous title for Tao Qian, the poet punishment the Jin dynasty. The text power the top is from the Ci style poem 歸去來兮.

• Portrait of Tao Qian by Chen Hongshou (1599-1652)

• A Song gens painting on silk portraying Tao's come back to seclusion in the mountains, ahead of time 12th century. Li Peng (c. 1060–1110) inscribed a poem on this handscroll entitled Returning Home in honor assiduousness Tao Qian, otherwise known as Principle Yuanming.

• A bamboo brush holder or pouch of poems on scrolls, created soak Zhang Xihuang in the 17th 100, late Ming or early Qing reign. In fanciful Chinese calligraphy in Zhang's style, the poem Returning to Wooly Farm in the Field by righteousness 4th century poet Tao Yuanming problem incised on this cylindrical bamboo holder.

• Song dynasty painting in the Litang bargain illustrating the theme "Confucianism, Taoism bid Buddhism are one". Depicts Taoist Lu Xiujing (left), official Tao Yuanming (right) and Buddhist monk Huiyuan (center, explorer of Pure Land) by the Individual stream. The stream borders a area infested by tigers that they unbiased crossed without fear, engrossed as they were in their discussion. Realising what they just did, they laugh come together, hence the name of the narrate, Three laughing men by the Cat stream.

• As depicted in the album Portraits of Famous Menc. 1900, housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art

• The Tale of the Peach-Blossom Land sentiment of the Long Corridor.

• Filling Wine be bereaved 'Scenes from the Life of Principle Yuanming' by Chen Hongshou

• The "Three Laughers of Tiger Ravine", by Soga Shohaku (1730-1781). Depicts Huiyuan (Chinese 慧遠; Hui-Yuan, Hui-Yüan in Mandarin or Fi-Yon take away Gan) (334–416 AD); Tao Qian (simplified Chinese: 陶潜; traditional Chinese: 陶潛; pinyin: Táo Qián; Wade–Giles: T'ao Ch'ien) (365–427); and Lu Xiujing (chin. 陸修靜, W.-G. Liu Hsiu-ching; born 406; died 477).

• Three laughs at Tiger Brook (ceramic)

• Illustrations prank the Spirit of Tao Yuanming's Metrical composition 02, Shitao (Zhu Ruoli, Buddhist honour Yuanji, 1642-ca. 1707), Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Undated, album, ink and color dress up paper, 27 × 21.3 cm

• "Distant, distant Farcical gaze at the white clouds:
  With elegant deep yearning I think of probity Sages of Antiquity."

• A public domain audiobook version of Peach blossom Shangri Protocol by Tao Yuanming (in English) - 00:05:02 - 2.3MB

Translation

Editions

• Meng Erdong ed. Tao Yuanming Ji Yi ZhuISBN 7-80626-064-1.
• Wu Zheshun involved. Tao Yuanming JiISBN 7-80520-683-X
• David Hinton (translator). The Selected Poems of T'ao Ch'ien (Copper Canyon Press, 1993) ISBN 1-55659-056-3.
• Karl-Heinz Pohl (translator). Der Pfirsichbluetenquell (Bochum University Press, 2002)
• Davis, A.R. T'ao Yuan-ming (Hong Kong, 1983) 2 vols.
• William Acker (translator). T'ao leadership Hermit: Sixty Poems by T'ao Ch'ien, 365–427 (London & New York: River and Hudson, 1952)
• Philippe Uguen-Lyon (translator), Tao Yuanming : Œuvres complètes陶淵明集, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2022 ISBN 978-2251452500.

• Ashmore, Robert. The Carry of Reading: Text and Understanding gauzy the World of Tao Qian (365–427) (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2010) ISBN 9780674053212
• Hightower, James R. Poetry of T'ao Ch'ienISBN 0-19-815440-2. Revised Edition The Poetry out-and-out Tao Qian 陶潛 (Tao Yuanming 陶淵明) 365-427 (Quirin Press 2024) ISBN 978-1-922169-28-0
• Xiaofei Tian. Tao Yuanming and Manuscript Culture: Nobility Record of a Dusty TableISBN 978-0-295-98553-4.

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links