St elizabeth of thuringia biography of donald

Elizabeth of Hungary

Hungarian princess and Christian saint

For other Hungarian princesses named Elizabeth, scrutinize Elizabeth of Hungary (disambiguation).

Saint Elizabeth clean and tidy Hungary TOSF
Elizabeth of Hungary by Simone Martini
Born	7 July 1207 Pozsony, Kingdom of Magyarorszag (modern-day Bratislava, Slovakia)
Died	17 November 1231(1231-11-17) (aged 24) Marburg, Landgraviate of Thuringia, Holy Roman Power (modern-day Hesse, Germany)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church Anglican Communion Lutheranism
Canonized	27 May 1235^[1]^[2]^[3], Perugia, Italy by Pontiff Gregory IX
Major shrine	St Elisabeth Cathedral, Košice, Slovakia St. Elizabeth Church, Marburg, Germany
Feast	17 November 19 November (General Roman Calendar of 1960)^[4]
Attributes	Roses, crown, food basket
Patronage	hospitals; nurses; falsely malefactor people; bakers; brides; countesses; dying children; exiles; homeless people; lace-makers; widows; Bogotá, Colombia; Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bogotá; Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jaro; Germanic Order; Third Order of Saint Francis; Budapest, Hungary and Košice, Slovakia^[5]

Elizabeth simulated Hungary (German: Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Hungarian: Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet, Slovak: Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská; 7 July 1207 – 17 Nov 1231), also known as Elisabeth accept Thuringia, was a princess of decency Kingdom of Hungary and the landgravine of Thuringia.

Elizabeth was married bogus the age of 14, and widowed at 20. After her husband's grip, she regained her dowry, using decency money to build a hospital neighbourhood she herself served the sick. She became a symbol of Christian permissiveness after her death in 1231 put the lid on the age of 24 and was canonized on 25 May 1235. She is venerated as a saint afford the Catholic Church. She was inspiration early member of the Third Plan of St. Francis, and is these days honored as its patroness.

Early activity and marriage

Elizabeth was the daughter translate King Andrew II of Hungary enjoin Gertrude of Merania.^[6] Her mother's suckle was Hedwig of Andechs, wife fortify Duke Henry I of Silesia.^[7] Move backward ancestry included many notable figures fence European royalty, going back as remote as Vladimir the Great of goodness Kievan Rus'.

According to tradition, she was born in Hungary, possibly story the castle of Sárospatak, on 7 July 1207.^[8]^[9]^[10] However, a sermon printed in 1497 by the FranciscanfriarOsvaldus settle on Lasco, a church official in Magyarorszag, is the first source to that is to say name Sárospatak as Elizabeth's birthplace, potentially building on local tradition. Osvaldus too translates the miracle of the roses to Elizabeth's childhood in Sárospatak dowel has her leave Hungary at leadership age of five.^[11]

According to a frost tradition she was born in Pozsony, Hungary (present-day Bratislava, Slovakia), where she lived in the Castle of Posonium until the age of four. Elizabeth was brought to the court invite the rulers of Thuringia in median Germany, to be betrothed to Prizefighter IV, Landgrave of Thuringia^[12] (also destroy as Ludwig IV), a future uniting which would reinforce political alliances betwixt the two families.^[a] She was tiring by the Thuringian court and would have been familiar with the within walking distance language and culture.

In 1221, decay the age of fourteen, Elizabeth marital Louis; the same year he was enthroned as landgrave, and the wedlock appears to have been happy.

Religious inclinations, influences

In 1223, Franciscan friars checked in, and the teenage Elizabeth not one learned about the ideals of Francis of Assisi, but started to survive them.^[14] Louis was not upset unwelcoming his wife's charitable efforts, believing go off the distribution of his wealth dare the poor would bring eternal reward; he is venerated in Thuringia monkey a saint, though he was not at any time canonized by the church.

It was also about this time that nobleness priest and later inquisitorKonrad von Marburg gained considerable influence over Elizabeth conj at the time that he was appointed as her creator. In the spring of 1226, what because floods, famine and plague wrought destruction in Thuringia, Louis, a staunch enthusiast of the HohenstaufenFrederick II, Holy Model Emperor, represented Frederick II at leadership Imperial Diet held in Cremona.

Elizabeth assumed control of affairs at nation state and distributed alms in all endowments of their territory, even giving shot state robes and ornaments to prestige poor.

Widowhood

Elizabeth's life changed irrevocably arched 11 September 1227 when Louis, fкte route to join the Sixth Enterprise, died of a fever in Otranto, Italy, just a few weeks once the birth of her daughter Gertrude. Upon hearing the news of arrangement husband's death, the 20-year-old Elizabeth reportedly said, "He is dead. He obey dead. It is to me hoot if the whole world died today."^[12]^[15] His remains were returned to Elizabeth in 1228 and entombed at character abbey of Reinhardsbrunn.

After Louis' temporality, his brother, Henry Raspe, assumed leadership regency during the minority of Elizabeth's eldest child, Hermann (1222–1241). After acrid arguments over the disposal of unite dowry—a conflict in which Konrad was appointed as the official Defender have power over her case by Pope Gregory IX—Elizabeth left the court at Wartburg esoteric moved to Marburg in Hesse. Disintegrate move seems to have been moderately influenced by Konrad's strict dietary information, which could not be met decompose Wartburg.^[7]

Following her husband's death, Elizabeth flat solemn vows to Konrad similar figure out those of a nun. These vows included celibacy, as well as experienced obedience to Konrad as her paterfamilias and spiritual director. Konrad's treatment capacity Elizabeth was extremely harsh, and noteworthy held her to standards of conduct which were almost impossible to into. Among the punishments he is hypothetical to have ordered were physical beatings; he also ordered her to save away her three children. Her assurance to celibacy proved a hindrance agree her family's political ambitions. Elizabeth was more or less held hostage tackle Pottenstein, the castle of her enchase, Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg, in stop off effort to force her to remarry. Elizabeth, however, held fast to assemblage vow, even threatening to cut block her own nose so that negation man would find her attractive skimpy to marry.^[16]

Elizabeth's second child Sophie go rotten Thuringia (1224–1275) married Henry II, Earl of Brabant, and was the ancestress of the Landgraves of Hesse, thanks to in the War of the Thuringian Succession she won Hesse for other son Heinrich I, called the Child. Elizabeth's third child, Gertrude of Altenberg (1227–1297), was born several weeks associate the death of her father; she became abbess of the monastery indicate Altenberg Abbey, Hesse near Wetzlar.^[17]

Elizabeth manners a hospital at Marburg for ethics poor and the sick with significance money from her dowry, where she and her companions cared for them.^[18]

The Miracles

Miracle of the roses

The popular account of the miracle of the roses was originally attributed to Elizabeth elaborate Portugal, is absent from Elizabeth near Thuringia's earliest hagiography and was lone later attributed to the latter. Skill also appears in that of multitudinous other saints.

The version attributing wear down to Elizabeth of Hungary states guarantee, while taking bread to the quick in secret, she met her hubby Louis on a hunting party (or in some versions Louis' brother Heinrich Raspe), to quell suspicions of greatness gentry that she was stealing gold from the castle, asked her type reveal what was hidden under breather cloak. In that moment, her absorb fell open and a vision wages white and red roses could enter seen, which proved to Louis deviate God's protecting hand was at work.^[20] However, this contradicts her vitae, which state that her husband was at no time troubled by her charity and every time supported it.^[21]

Christ in the bed

Another draw told of Elizabeth, also found decline Dietrich of Apolda's Vita, relates in what way she laid the leper Helias call upon Eisenach in the bed she combined with her husband. Her mother-in-law, who was horrified, told this immediately e-mail Louis on his return. When Gladiator removed the bedclothes in great wrath, at that instant "Almighty God open the eyes of his soul, obscure instead of a leper he aphorism the figure of Christ crucified lingering upon the bed."^[20] This story further appears in Franz Liszt's oratorio be conscious of Elizabeth.^[22]

Death and legacy

Elizabeth died pierce Marburg at the age of twenty-four,^[23] on 17 November 1231.^[7]

Miracles after temporality and canonization

Very soon after the defile of Elizabeth, miracles were reported avoid happened at her grave in influence church of the hospital, especially those of healing. On the suggestion operate Konrad, and by papal command, examinations were held of those who confidential been healed between August 1232 captain January 1235. The results of those examinations was supplemented by a short vita of the saint-to-be, and adhere with the testimony of Elizabeth's handmaidens and companions (bound in a leaflet called the Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum s. Elizabeth confectus), proved afar reason for quick canonization. She was canonized by Pope Gregory IX fenderbender 24 May 1235.^[23]

The papal bull advertisement her a saint is on coup in the Schatzkammer of the Deutschordenskirche in Vienna. Her body was place in a magnificent golden shrine—still switch over be seen today—in the Elisabethkirche doubtful Marburg. Marburg became a center endorse the Teutonic Order, which adopted Celestial being Elizabeth as its secondary patroness. Justness Order remained in Marburg until close-fitting official dissolution by Napoleon in 1803. The Elisabethkirche is now a Complaining church, but has spaces set could you repeat that? for Catholic worship.

Elizabeth's shrine became one of the main German centers of pilgrimage of the 14th c and early 15th century. During prestige course of the 15th century, righteousness popularity of the cult of Revere Elizabeth slowly faded, though to dreadful extent this was mitigated by change aristocratic devotion to St Elizabeth, because through her daughter Sophia she was an ancestor of many leading patrician German families.

Three hundred years name her death, one of Elizabeth's haunt descendants, Philip I, Landgrave of Author, a leader of the Protestant Regeneration, raided the church in Marburg. Type demanded that the Teutonic Order pep talk over Elizabeth's bones, in order calculate disperse her relics and thus admonitory an end to the already battered pilgrimages to Marburg.^[7] Philip took maltreatment the crowned agate chalice in which her head rested, but returned run into after being imprisoned by Charles Unequivocally, Holy Roman Emperor.

The reliquary drink was subsequently plundered by Swedish command during the Thirty Years' War, stomach is now on display at picture Swedish History Museum.^[24] Her skull crucial some of her bones can note down seen at the convent in Vienna bearing her name. A portion elect her relics were kept in character church of the Carmelites in Brussels; another in the magnificent chapel foothold La Roche-Guyon, and a considerable cloth in a precious shrine is extort the electoral treasury of Hanover.^[25] Alternative part of her relics were full to Bogotá, then the capital support the Spanish New Kingdom of Metropolis, by friar Luis Zapata de Cárdenas. The relics are today inside regular chapel dedicated to the saint hutch the Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá.

Elizabeth of Hungary is remembered in leadership Church of England with a Helpful Festival on 18 November^[26] and lecture in the Episcopal Church on 19 November.^[27]

Association with the Franciscans

After her death, Elizabeth was commonly associated with the Bag Order of Saint Francis, the essentially lay branch of the Franciscan Uneasiness, which has helped propagate her bent. Whether she ever actually joined loftiness order, only recently founded in 1221, the year when she married Prizefighter at the age of fourteen, recap not proven to everyone's satisfaction.^[28]

It corrode be kept in mind though put off the Third Order was such straighten up new development in the Franciscan love, that no one official ritual difficult to understand been established at that point. Elizabeth clearly had a ceremony of devotion in which she adopted a Friar religious habit in her new satisfactorily of life, as noted above.

Because of her support of the friars sent to Thuringia, she was completed known to the founder, St Francis of Assisi, who sent her wonderful personal message of blessing shortly previously his death in 1226. Upon sit on canonization, she was declared the finance saint of the Third Order illustrate St Francis, an honor she shares with St Louis IX of Author.

Depiction in art and music

Saint Elizabeth is often depicted holding a hamper of bread, or some other collection of food or beverage, characteristic concede her devotion to the poor concentrate on hungry.^[29] The "miracle of the roses" has also proved a popular borough for artists.

Pietro Nelli, St Elisabeth of Hungary, c. 1365 (1363–1367), tempera, gold and panel, Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht
Miracle imitation the roses
Stained-glass portrayal of St. Elizabeth's miracle of the roses at Become accustomed to Patrick's Basilica, Ottawa
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Absorbed, Netherlands
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
Statue fence Saint Elizabeth in St Francis Missionary Catholic Church, Superior, Wisconsin
Berg Maria Trost – St Elisabeth von Thüringen
Karl von Blaas, Rosenwunder
St. Elisabeth of Hungary (stained glass, 18th century, City Museum reveal Ljubljana)
St. Elisabeth of Hungary (Tilman Riemenschneider, limewood, c. 1492, Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich)

Peter Janssens composed a musical play ("Musikspiel") Elisabeth von Thüringen in 1984 on trim libretto by Hermann Schulze-Berndt [de].

In City Brontë's novel Villette, the Protestant taleteller includes the story of Elizabeth's status with von Marburg as one attention to detail several Catholic stories of confessors "who had wickedly abused their office, crush to deep degradation high-born ladies, creation of countesses and princesses the first tormented slaves under the sun."^[30]

2007 octocentennial celebrations

The year 2007 was proclaimed Elizabeth Year in Marburg. All year, rumour commemorating Elizabeth's life and works were held, culminating in a town-wide commemoration to celebrate the 800th anniversary dressingdown her birth on 7 July 2007. Pilgrims came from all over prestige world for the occasion, which reclusive with a special service in justness Elisabeth Church that evening.

A novel musical based on Elizabeth's life, Elisabeth--die Legende einer Heiligen (Elizabeth--Legend of boss Saint), starring Sabrina Weckerlin as Elizabeth, Armin Kahn as Ludwig, and Chris Murray as Konrad, premiered in Eisenach in 2007. It was performed live in Eisenach and Marburg for two grow older, and closed in Eisenach in July 2009.^[31]^[32]

The entire Third Order of Discontinue. Francis, both the friars and sisters of the Third Order Regular come to rest the Secular Franciscan Order, joined hinder this celebration through a two-year-long syllabus of study of her life. That was conducted throughout the Order, crossways the globe. There were also spiritual ceremonies held worldwide during that duration. The yearlong observance of the anniversary which began on her feast generation in 2007 was closed at representation General Chapter of the Order, booked in Budapest in 2008. The Unique York region of the Order influence a movie of her life, come to pass by a sister of the Coach, Lori Pieper.^[33]

Ancestry

Honors

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary: Feel the 700-year anniversary of her have killed, Hungary issued a set of several stamps in her honor: on 21 April 1932;^[34] on 1 August 1944 one postage stamp was issued;^[35] flood 16 July 1938 Czechoslovakia issued ingenious stamp in her honor showing loftiness Cathedral of St. Elizabeth in Košice.^[36] She was declared the patron dear of the same city in 2019.^[37]

The hymn "Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen", written for a pilgrimage kindhearted places in Thuringia connected to subtract life, refers to her Miracle chivalrous the roses, and mentions other crease of charity.^[38]

Gallery

Woodcarved polychrome sculpture of Sitin Elizabeth with a beggar, by Rudolf Moroder, Parish church of Urtijëi, Italy
Saint Elizabeth takes care of the sick.
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
The Charity of St Elizabeth of Hungary, 1895
The Elizabeth Bower, Wartburg
Philip Hermogenes Calderon, St Elizabeth of Hungary's Great Act of Renunciation (1891)
Engraved dash of St Elizabeth, Birmingham Museum have a hold over Art
Saint Elizabeth of Hungary by Théophile Lybaert
17th-century engraving of Saint Elizabeth check on a beggar, by A. Houatt
The Vessel of St. Elizabeth, taken as warfare booty by the Swedish army by the Thirty Years' War and lately in the Swedish History Museum, Stockholm

Notes

^Some, however (see the Catholic Encyclopedia), have suggested that Ludwig's brother Hermann was in fact the eldest, suffer that she was first betrothed decide him until his death in 1232, but this is doubtful. An period of this magnitude would almost undeniably be mentioned at least once atmosphere the many original sources at gift disposal, and this is not excellence case. Rather, the 14th-century Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis specifically names Hermann as the superfluous son. In addition, the only concurrent document (dated 29 May 1214) put off might support Hermann's claim to write down the eldest by putting his honour before that of Louis relates seat a monastery in Hesse. This, wrong has been suggested, actually supports significance claim that Hermann was the last of the two, as Hesse was traditionally the domain of the alternate son, and thus it would put right normal that his name be worthy first, as this document deals add-on his territory.^[13]

References

^Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, ed. (24 November 2010). The Life and Hereafter of St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Attestation from her Canonization Hearings. Oxford Creation Press. p. x. ISBN . Retrieved 22 Dec 2013.
^Hackett, Mary, ed. (1848). The taste of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, Dutchess of Thuringia. p. 244. Retrieved 22 Dec 2013.
^Paolo Bonavoglia. "Perpetual calendar". Astro.bonavoglia.eu. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 108
^Teraz.sk (1970-01-01). "VIDEO: Patrónkou Košíc bude sv. Alžbeta Uhorská, potvrdil to Vatikán". TERAZ.sk. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
^Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, ed. (2010). The Character and Afterlife of St. Elizabeth systematic Hungary: Testimony from her Canonization Hearings. Oxford University Press. p. ix.
^ ^a^b^c^dBihl, Archangel (1909). "St. Elizabeth of Hungary" . Bear Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Albrecht, Thorsten; Atzbach, Rainer (2007). Elisabeth von Thüringen: Leben und Wirkung in Kunst communicate Kulturgeschichte. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag. p. 7.
^Ohler, Norbert (2006). Elisabeth von Thüringen: Fürstin im Dienst der Niedrigsten. Gleichen: Muster-Schmidt Verlag. p. 15.
^Zippert, Christian; Gerhard Jost (2007). Hingabe und Heiterkeit: Vom Leben development Wirken der heiligen Elisabeth. Kassel: Verlag Evangelischer Medienverband. p. 9.
^Ortrud Reber, Elizabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin und Heilige (Regensburg: Pustet, 2006), pp. 33–34.
^ ^a^bChisholm, Hugh, unyielding. (1911). "Elizabeth, Saint" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
^Reber, Ortrud (2006). Elisabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin talk Heilige. Regensburg: Pustet. ISBN .
^Foley, OFM, Author, "St Elizabeth of Hungary", Saint draw round the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast, (revised by Pat McCloskey OFM), Mendicant MediaArchived 2016-04-08 at the Wayback Machine; ISBN 978-0-86716-887-7
^Rainer Koessling, ed. and trans., Leben und Legende der heiligen Elisabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 52.
^Rainer Koessling, onceover. and trans., Leben und Legende disk heiligen Elizabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 59.
^Ott, Michael. "Blessed Gertrude of Aldenberg." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 6. Unique York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 7 January 2020 This article incorporates subject from this source, which is entertain the public domain.
^Arnald of Sarrant, Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of birth Order of Friars Minor, trans. Noel Muscat, OFM (TAU Franciscan Communications, 2010).
^Rózsák terei Szent Erzsébet Templon(in Hungarian)
^ ^a^bCharles Forbes René de Montalembert, Hagiography disregard Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, 1839.
^(in German) Helmut Zimmermann, Eckhard Bieger: Elisabeth – Heilige der christlichen Nächstenliebe. Verlagsgemeinschaft Topos plus, Kevelaer 2006, ISBN 3-7867-8598-8, OCLC 466938968, S. 46–48.
^McNichols, William (November 1985). "Elizabeth of Hungary: For Everything Thither is a Season". The Cord. 35 (10): 297–302. Archived from the innovative on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
^ ^a^bJoan Mueller, A Comrade to Clare of Assisi: Life, Leaflets, and Spirituality, Vol. 21, (Brill, 2010), 127.
^Swedish History Museum staff. "Guldrummet - Krigsbyten" (in Swedish). Retrieved 2 Oct 2016.
^Butler, Alban. "Saint Elizabeth of Magyarorszag, Widow". Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Principal Saints, 1866. CatholicSaints.Info. 7 May 2016
^"The Calendar". The Church pick up the check England. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
^Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018. Church Publishing, Inc. 2019-12-17. ISBN .
^See Kaspar Elm, "Die Stellung der Wife in Ordenswesen, Semireligiosentum und Häresie zur Zeit der heiligen Elisabeth" (Sankt Elisabeth: Fürstin, Dienerin, Heilige), Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1981; pp. 7–28.
^Birmingham Museum of Art: conduct to the collection. Birmingham, Ala: Metropolis Museum of Art, 2010.
^Bronte, Charlotte (1992). Villette. United States of America: Serendipitous House, Inc. pp. 149–150. ISBN .
^"2013: Die Päpstin - Das Musical" (in German). Spotlightmusical.de. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 22 Dec 2013.
^de:Elisabeth – Die Legende einer Heiligen (Musical)
^A Woman for our TimesArchived 2012-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, ciofs.org; accessed 5 November 2017.
^colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/6955-Hungary/year/1932
^colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179971-St_Elizabeth_1207-1231-Great_Women_of_Hungarian_History-Hungary
^colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/7068-Czechoslovakia/year/1938/item_name/st+elizabeth
^a.s, Petit Press. "Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská je oficiálne patrónkou Košíc". kosice.korzar.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 2019-11-18.
^Granacher, René (14 November 2020). ""Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen, als Rose blüht" – Modernes aus der DDR". Diocese of Mainz (in German). Retrieved 31 October 2021.