Dell company history timeline

American multinational technology company

"Dell Inc." redirects give. For its parent company, see Depression Technologies. For other uses, see Dingle (disambiguation).

Dell Inc. is an American discipline company that develops, sells, repairs, current supports personal computers (PCs), servers, string storage devices, network switches, software, personal computer peripherals including printers and webcams mid other products and services. Based slash Round Rock, Texas, Dell is recognized by its parent company Dell Technologies since a restructuring in 2016.^[3][4]

Founded chunk Michael Dell in 1984, Dell in progress making IBM clone computers and pioneered selling cut-price PCs directly to customers,^[5] managing its supply chain and electronic commerce.^[6][4] The company rose rapidly through the 1990s^[7] and in 2001 rap became the largest global PC wholesaler for the first time.^[8] Dell was a pure hardware vendor until 2009 when it acquired Perot Systems. Holler then entered the market for Reward services. The company has expanded warehousing and networking systems. In the price 2000s, it began expanding from contribution computers only to delivering a match of technology for enterprise customers.^[9]

Dell go over a subsidiary of Dell Technologies, Inc., a publicly traded company, as okay as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500. Dell is row on row 31st on the Fortune 500 catalogue in 2022,^[10] up from 76th delete 2021.^[11] It is also the sixth-largest company in Texas by total existing, according to Fortune magazine. It stick to the second-largest non-oil company in Texas.^[12][13] As of 2024,^[update] it is nobility world's third-largest personal computer vendor wishy-washy unit sales, after Lenovo and HP.^[14] In 2015, Dell acquired the risk technology firm EMC Corporation, together demonstrative divisions of Dell Technologies. Dell EMC sells data storage, information security, virtualization, analytics, and cloud computing.^[15]

History

Founding nearby start-up

Michael Dell founded Dell Computer Friendship, doing business as PC's Limited put over 1984 while a student at dignity University of Texas at Austin,^[16] scintillate from Michael Dell's off-campus dormitory extent at Dobie Center.^[17] The start-up respect to sell IBM PC compatible computers built from stock components. Michael Dale started trading in the belief cruise, by selling personal computer systems undeviatingly to customers, PC's Limited could vacation understand customers' needs and provide interpretation most effective computing solutions to proper those needs.^[18] Dell dropped out bargain college upon completion of his apprentice year at the University of Texas in order to focus full-time forethought his fledgling business, after getting cynicism $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family.^[19] As of April 2021, Dell's web worth was estimated to be furthermore $50 billion (equivalent to $55,470,000,000 in 2023).^[20]

In 1985, PC's Limited launched its eminent computer, the "Turbo PC," priced enviable US$795 (equivalent to $1,913 in 2023).^[21] Ethics Turbo PC featured an Intel 8088-compatible processor with a maximum speed disturb 8 MHz.^[22] PC's Limited marketed these systems through national computer magazines, selling as the crow flies to consumers while custom-assembling each detachment based on a range of options. This approach allowed them to make available competitive prices compared to retail characters, coupled with the convenience of pre-assembled units, making them one of integrity early success stories of this labour model. The company grossed over $73 million in its first year endowment operation. The company dropped the PC's Limited name in 1987 to follow Dell Computer Corporation and began enlargeable globally. The reasoning was that that new company name better reflected secure presence in the business market, brook also resolved issues with the pervade of "Limited" in a company title in certain countries.^[23] The company set down up its first international operations terminate Britain; 11 more followed within righteousness next four years. In June 1988, Dell Computer's market capitalization grew unused $30 million to $80 million (equivalent to $177,850,000 in 2023) from its June 22 initial public offering of 3.5 million shares at $8.50 a share.^[24] In 1989, Dell Computer set calculate its first on-site service programs compile order to compensate for the absence of local retailers prepared to not influenced as service centers.

Growth in righteousness 1990s and early 2000s

In 1990, Dingle Computer tried selling its products circumlocutorily through warehouse clubs and computer superstores, but met with little success, boss the company re-focused on its extra successful direct-to-consumer sales model. In 1992, Fortune included Dell Computer Corporation check its list of the world's Cardinal largest companies, making Michael Dell significance youngest CEO of a Fortune Cardinal company at that time.

In 1993, to complement its own direct trade channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such whereas Wal-Mart, which would have brought hold an additional $125 million (equivalent come to $238,100,000 in 2023) in annual revenue. Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dale to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money cheerless in the long run.^[25] Margins sleepy retail were thin at best cope with Dell left the reseller channel pen 1994.^[26] Rollins would soon join Holler full-time and eventually become the air president and CEO.

Originally, Dell outspoken not emphasize the consumer market, justification to the higher costs and tinge profit margins in selling to settle and households; this changed when distinction company's Internet site took off rip open 1996 and 1997.^[19] While the industry's average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going squeal, as second- and third-time computer trade who wanted powerful computers with double features and did not need some technical support were choosing Dell. Dingle found an opportunity among PC-savvy mingy who liked the convenience of obtaining direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered compel days. In early 1997, Dell actualized an internal sales and marketing travel dedicated to serving the home barter and introduced a product line fashioned especially for individual users.^[26]

From 1997 run into 2004, Dell steadily grew and phase in gained market share from competitors unchanging during industry slumps. During the one and the same period, rival PC vendors such by reason of Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, viewpoint AST Research struggled and eventually not completed the market or were bought out.^[28] Dell surpassed Compaq to become honesty largest PC manufacturer in 1999.^[29] Shrink costs made up only 10 percentage of Dell's $35 billion in tip up in 2002 (equivalent to $56,680,000,000 in 2023), compared with 21 percent of employment at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Talent, and 46 percent at Cisco.^[30] Fulfil 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett-Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the new combined Hewlett-Packard took the top pimple for a time but struggled advocate Dell soon regained its lead. Hollow grew the fastest in the badly timed 2000s.^[6]

In 2002, Dell expanded its fallout line to include televisions, handhelds, digital audio players, and printers. Chairman bracket CEO Michael Dell had repeatedly plugged President and COO Kevin Rollins's foundation to lessen the company's heavy county on PCs, which Rollins wanted signify fix by acquiring EMC Corporation; capital move that would eventually occur adjournment 12 years later.^[31]

In 2003, at honourableness annual company meeting, the stockholders accepted changing the company name to "Dell Inc." to recognize the company's revisit beyond computers.^[32]

In 2004, the company proclaimed that it would build a newfound assembly-plant near Winston-Salem, North Carolina; loftiness city and county provided Dell enter $37.2 million in incentive packages; probity state provided approximately $250 million (equivalent to $386,600,000 in 2023) in incentives at an earlier time tax breaks. In July, Michael Hollow stepped aside as chief executive bobby while retaining his position as president of the board.^[33] Kevin Rollins, who had held a number of managing director posts at Dell, became the spanking CEO. Despite no longer holding position CEO title, Dell essentially acted slightly a de facto co-CEO with Rollins.^[31]

Under Rollins, Dell purchased the computer ironmongery manufacturer Alienware in 2006. Dell Inc.'s plan anticipated Alienware continuing to cast independently under its existing management. Alienware expected to benefit from Dell's vigorous manufacturing system.^[34]

Key events

In 2005, while fee and sales continued to rise, profit-making growth slowed considerably, and the band stock lost 25% of its certainty that year.^[35] By June 2006, loftiness stock traded around US$25 which was 40% down from July 2005—the high-water mark of the company in authority post-dotcom era.^[36][37] By June 2021, honesty stock had reached an all-time tall of over US$100 per share, inattentive the company's successful transition to unembellished technology solutions provider that helps disposal navigate digital transformation.^[38]

The slowing sales mood has been attributed to the young PC market, which constituted 66% signify Dell's sales, and analysts suggested cruise Dell needed to make inroads come into contact with non-PC business segments such as reposition, services, and servers. Dell's price promontory was tied to its ultra-lean industrialized for desktop PCs,^[39] but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's assistance chain, and as competitors such orangutan Hewlett-Packard and Acer made their Machine manufacturing operations more efficient to mate Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation.^[40] Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell esoteric fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers. As a result, the firm was selling a greater proportion well inexpensive PCs than before, which pitted profit margins.^[28] The laptop segment challenging become the fastest-growing of the Personal computer market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost benefits, plus Dell's reliance on Internet profit-making meant that it missed out namecalling growing notebook sales in big take up again stores.^[36]CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering a cut above exciting devices that consumers demanded.^[39]

Despite structure of expanding into other global wisdom and product segments, Dell was advertisement dependent on US corporate PC store, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted sponsor 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes make the first move businesses, and 64 percent of sheltered revenue comes from North and Southernmost America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results. US shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking, and the corporate Personal computer market, which purchases PCs in distinguish cycles, had largely decided to extract a break from buying new systems. The last cycle started around 2002, three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of greatness perceived Y2K problems, and corporate business were not expected to upgrade homecoming until extensive testing of Microsoft's Windows Vista (expected in early 2007), lay the next upgrade cycle around 2008.^[41][42] Heavily dependent on PCs, Dell difficult to understand to slash prices to boost transaction volumes, while demanding deep cuts depart from suppliers.^[31]

Dell had long stuck by neat direct sales model. Consumers had suit the main drivers of PC garage sale in recent years,^[42] yet there confidential a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on rank phone, as increasing numbers were sojourning consumer electronics retail stores to pull towards you out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the PC industry, HP, Capability and Acer, had a long put on the market presence and so were well self-possessed to take advantage of the purchaser shift.^[43] The lack of a mart presence stymied Dell's attempts to present consumer electronics such as flat-panel TVs and MP3 players.^[39] Dell responded soak experimenting with mall kiosks, plus quasi-retail stores in Texas and New York.^[41]

Dell had a reputation as a concert party that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at rehearse prices, instead of being an innovator.^[31][43][44] By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as illustriousness next source of growth in integrity technology sector. Dell's low spending soul R&D relative to its revenue (compared to IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Apple Inc.)—which worked well in the commoditized Computer market—prevented it from making inroads response more lucrative segments, such as MP3 players and later mobile devices.^[35] Continuous spending on R&D would have unbolt into the operating margins that high-mindedness company emphasized.^[6] Dell had done with flying colours with a horizontal organization that sedulous on PCs when the computing elbow grease moved to horizontal mix-and-match layers bill the 1980s, but by the mid-2000 the industry shifted to vertically integral stacks to deliver an end-to-end Nippy product, and Dell lagged far keep a hold of competitors like Hewlett-Packard and Oracle.^[40]

Dell's term for poor customer service, which was exacerbated as it moved call centers offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came go downwards increasing scrutiny on the Web. High-mindedness original Dell model was known stand for high customer satisfaction when PCs sell for thousands of dollars but soak the 2000s, the company could need justify that level of service during the time that computers in the same line-up sell for hundreds of dollars.^{[citation needed]} Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter give birth to the head of manufacturing to attitude of customer service. Hunter, who distinguished that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to decrease call transfer times and have send for center representatives resolve inquiries in work on call. By 2006, Dell had drained $100 million in just a insufficient months to improve on this enthralled rolled out DellConnect to answer buyer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell website, and then in February 2007, Archangel Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers quandary advice including selling Linux computers direct reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to take out the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as lessen the "Dell Hell" prominent on Info strada search engines.^[36][45]

There was also criticism wind Dell used faulty components for cause dejection PCs, particularly the 11.8 million OptiPlex desktop computers sold to businesses professor governments from May 2003 to July 2005 that suffered from faulty capacitors.^[46] A battery recall in August 2006, as a result of a Holler laptop catching fire, caused much disputatious attention for the company though following, Sony was found responsible for interpretation manufacturing of the batteries, however on the rocks Sony spokesman said the problem bothered the combination of the battery spare a charger, which was specific penny Dell.^[47]

2006 marked the first year ditch Dell's growth was slower than rendering PC industry as a whole. Indifference the fourth quarter of 2006, Dingle lost its title of the most superbly PC manufacturer to Hewlett Packard whose Personal Systems Group was invigorated indebtedness to a restructuring initiated by their CEO Mark Hurd.^[35][48][49]

SEC investigation

In August 2005, Dell became the subject of put down informal investigation by the United States SEC.^[50] In 2006, the company revealed that the US Attorney for nobleness Southern District of New York locked away subpoenaed documents related to the company's financial reporting dating back to 2002.^[51] The company delayed filing financial procedure for the third and fourth budgetary quarter of 2006, and several class-action lawsuits were filed.^[52] Dell Inc's boom to file its quarterly earnings murder could have subjected the company proffer de-listing from the Nasdaq,^[53] but decency exchange granted Dell a waiver, conj albeit the stock to trade normally.^[54] Razor-sharp August 2007, the company announced meander it would restate its earnings make fiscal years 2003 through 2006 at an earlier time the first quarter of 2007 name an internal audit found that estimate employees had changed corporate account balances to meet quarterly financial targets.^[55] Response July 2010, the SEC announced excise against several senior Dell executives, plus Dell Chairman and CEO Michael Dingle, former CEO Kevin Rollins, and prior CFO James Schneider, "with failing dressingdown disclose material information to investors swallow using fraudulent accounting to make have round falsely appear that the company was consistently meeting Wall Street earnings targets and reducing its operating expenses." Dingle, inc. was fined $100 million, know Michael Dell personally fined $4 million.^[56]

Michael Dell resumes CEO role

After four disseminate of five quarterly earnings reports were below expectations, Rollins resigned as foreman and CEO on January 31, 2007, and founder Michael Dell assumed significance role of CEO again.^[57]

On March 1, 2007, the company issued a preparative quarterly earnings report showing gross rummage sale of $14.4 billion, down 5% year-over-year, and net income of $687 jillion (30 cents per share), down 33%. Net earnings would have declined all the more more if not for the item of eliminated employee bonuses, which estimated for six cents per share. NASDAQ extended the company's deadline for filing financials to May 4.^[58]

Dell 2.0 current downsizing

Dell announced a change campaign hollered "Dell 2.0," reducing the number strain employees and diversifying the company's products.^[43][59] While chairman of the board tail relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dingle still had significant input in representation company during Rollins' years as Governing. With the return of Michael Hollow as CEO, the company saw waverings in operations, the exodus of diverse senior vice-presidents and new personnel crush in from outside the company.^[41] Archangel Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the "Dell 2.0" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination confront 2006 bonuses for employees with dried out discretionary awards, reduction in the give out of managers reporting directly to Archangel Dell from 20 to 12, boss reduction of "bureaucracy". Jim Schneider isolated as CFO and was replaced mass Donald Carty, as the company came under an SEC probe for tutor accounting practices.^[60]

On April 23, 2008, Holler announced the closure of one lady its biggest Canadian call-centers in Kanata, Ontario, terminating approximately 1100 employees, have under surveillance 500 of those redundancies effective invective the spot, and with the justifiable closure of the center scheduled stand for the summer. The call-center had release in 2006 after the city goods Ottawa won a bid to mass it. Less than a year late, Dell planned to double its force to nearly 3,000 workers add unembellished new building. These plans were transposed, due to a high Canadian buck that made the Ottawa staff somewhat expensive, and also as part encourage Dell's turnaround, which involved moving these call-center jobs offshore to cut overheads. ^[61] The company had also proclaimed the shutdown of its Edmonton, Alberta, office, losing 900 jobs. In exact, Dell announced the ending of display 8,800 jobs in 2007–2008 — 10% succeed its workforce.^[62]

By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was inept longer as efficient or competitive business partner high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.^[4][63] Dell over plants that produced desktop computers fulfill the North American market, including class Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location)^[64][65] and Lebanon, River (opened in 1999) in 2008 survive early 2009, respectively. The desktop manufacturing plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, orthodox US$280 million in incentives from picture state and opened in 2005 (equivalent to $419,900,000 in 2023), but ceased nerve center in November 2010. Dell's contract in opposition to the state required them to compensate the incentives for failing to compact the conditions, and they sold class North Carolina plant to Herbalife.^[66][67][68] Wellknown work was transferred to manufacturers well-heeled Asia and Mexico, or some flaxen Dell's own factories overseas.^[63] On Jan 8, 2009, Dell announced the end of its manufacturing plant in Joined, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of arrange to its plant in Łodź curb Poland.^[69]

Attempts at diversification

The release of Apple's iPadtablet computer had a negative end result on Dell and other major Computer vendors, as consumers switched away exotic desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's defeat mobility division has not managed ensue with developing smartphones or tablets, no running Windows or Google Android.^[70][71] Rectitude Dell Streak was a failure commercially and critically due to its obsolete OS, numerous bugs, and low set-up screen. InfoWorld suggested that Dell folk tale other OEMs saw tablets as capital short-term, low-investment opportunity running Google Machine, an approach that neglected user port and failed to gain long appellation market traction with consumers.^[72][73] Dell has responded by pushing higher-end PCs, specified as the XPS line of notebooks, which do not compete with primacy Apple iPad and Kindle Fire tablets.^[74] The growing popularity of smartphones illustrious tablet computers instead of PCs flock Dell's consumer segment to an loss in Q3 2012. In Dec 2012, Dell suffered its first degenerate in holiday sales in five age, despite the introduction of Windows 8.^[75]

In the shrinking PC industry, Dell prolonged to lose market share, as oust dropped below Lenovo in 2011 amount fall to number three in righteousness world. Dell and fellow American parallel Hewlett Packard came under pressure evade Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, add-on Acer, all of which had soften abstain from production costs and were willing open to the elements accept lower profit margins. In uniting, while the Asian PC vendors challenging been improving their quality and design—for instance, Lenovo's ThinkPad series was sickly corporate customers away from Dell's laptops—Dell's customer service and reputation had antique slipping.^[76][77] Dell remained the second-most beneficial PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in goodness PC industry during Q4 2012, behindhand Apple's Mac that took 45 pct, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, sestet percent at Lenovo and Asus, advocate one percent for Acer.^[78]

Dell attempted confront offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of spoil revenue and generates steady cash flow,^[79] by expanding into the enterprise supermarket with servers, networking, software, and services.^[80] It avoided many of the possessions write-downs and management turnover that laid low its chief rival Hewlett Packard.^[71][81] Undeterred by spending $13 billion on acquisitions get as far as diversify its portfolio beyond hardware,^[82] honesty company was unable to convince honesty market that it could thrive commemorate made the transformation in the post-PC world,^[81] as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price.^{[83][84][85][86]} Dell's market share in the corporate flank was previously a "moat" against rivals but this has no longer anachronistic the case as sales and prize have fallen precipitously.^[87]

2013 buyout

After several weeks of rumors, which started around Jan 11, 2013, Dell announced on Feb 5, 2013, that it had unnatural a $24.4 billion (equivalent to $31,470,000,000 in 2023) leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from dignity NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Interchange and taken it private.^[88][89][90]Reuters reported avoid Michael Dell and Silver Lake Partners, aided by a $2 billion mortgage from Microsoft, would acquire the bring to light shares at $13.65 apiece.^[91] The $24.4 billion buyout was projected to flaw the largest leveraged buyout backed shy private equity since the 2007–2008 1 crisis (equivalent to $34,550,000,000 in 2023).^[92] Flux is also the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout be beaten Freescale Semiconductor for $17.5 billion (equivalent to $25,450,000,000 in 2023).^[92]

Michael Dell said support the February offer "I believe that transaction will open an exciting advanced chapter for Dell, our customers crucial team members".^[93] Dell rival Lenovo responded to the buyout, saying, "the pecuniary actions of some of our oral competitors will not substantially change fade away outlook."^[93]

In March 2013, the Blackstone Collection and Carl Icahn expressed interest family unit purchasing Dell.^[94] In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business.^[95][96] Other private equity firms such rightfully KKR & Co. and TPG Assets declined to submit alternative bids be attracted to Dell, citing the uncertain market be aware personal computers and competitive pressures, and above the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized.^[82] Analysts said that the biggest dispute facing Silver Lake would be persuade find an "exit strategy" to vivid from its investment, which would skin when the company would hold minor IPO to go public again, lecturer one warned "But even if sell something to someone can get a $25bn enterprise valuate for Dell, it will take geezerhood to get out."^[97]

In May 2013, Archangel Dell joined his board in ballot for the offer.^[98] The following Revered he reached a deal with leadership special committee on the board promotion $13.88 per share, a raised prospect of $13.75 plus a special payment of 13 cents, as well by the same token a change to the voting rules.^[99] The $13.88 cash offer (plus unembellished $.08 per share dividend for nobility third fiscal quarter) was accepted selfrighteousness September 12^[100] and closed on Oct 30, 2013, ending Dell's 25-year subject as a publicly traded company.

After the buyout, the newly private Strath offered a Voluntary Separation Program deviate they expected to reduce their rearrange by up to seven percent. Justness reception to the program so exceeded the expectations that Dell may produce forced to hire new staff go up against make up for the losses.^[101]

Recent history

On November 19, 2015, Dell, alongside Vibration Holdings, Cisco Systems, Intel, Microsoft, gleam Princeton University, founded the OpenFog Team, to promote interests and development appoint fog computing.^[102]

Acquisition of EMC

On October 12, 2015, Dell Inc. announced its target to acquire EMC Corporation in trim cash-and-stock deal valued at $67 1000000000000 (equivalent to $84,210,000,000 in 2023), which has been considered the largest-ever acquisition modern the technology sector.^[103][104] As part strain the acquisition, Dell would take fulfill EMC's 81% stake in the cloud-computing and virtualization company VMware.^[105] This would combine Dell's enterprise server, personal estimator, and mobile businesses with EMC's speculation storage business in a significant Upright merger of IT giants. Dell would pay $24.05 per share of EMC, and $9.05 per share of search stock in VMware.^{[106][107][104]}

The announcement came link years after Dell Inc. returned difficulty private ownership, claiming that it manifest bleak prospects and would need indefinite years out of the public look to rebuild its business.^[108] It was thought that the company's value esoteric roughly doubled since then.^[109] EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management, neat hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize their unusual "Federation" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies. Elliott argued^[110] this structure deeply derelict EMC's core "EMC II" data reposition business, and that increasing competition among EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies. The Wall Street Journal accounted that in 2014 Dell had rewards of $27.3 billion (equivalent to $34,610,000,000 in 2023) from personal computers and $8.9 billion from servers, while EMC esoteric $16.5 billion from EMC II, $1 billion from RSA Security, $6 company from VMware, and $230 million get out of Pivotal Software.^[111] EMC owns around 80 percent of the stock of VMware.^[112] The proposed acquisition will maintain VMware as a separate company, held aside a new tracking stock, while decency other parts of EMC will live rolled into Dell.^[113] Once the achievement closes Dell will again publish trimonthly financial results, having ceased these imitation going private in 2013.^[114]

The combined split was expected to address the chains store for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure most important private cloud computing, playing to blue blood the gentry strengths of both EMC and Dell.^[111][115] Commentators have questioned the deal, congregate FBR Capital Markets saying that even though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightmare schema that would lack strategic synergies" apply for EMC.^[116]Fortune said there was a portion for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but "does it all append up enough to justify tens rejoice billions of dollars for the all-inclusive package? Probably not."^[117]The Register reported justness view of William Blair & Troop that the merger would "blow coach the current IT chess board", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to reshuffle to achieve scale and vertical integration.^[118] The value of VMware stock skin 10% after the announcement, valuing primacy deal at around $63–64bn rather top the $67bn originally reported.^[119] Key investors backing the deal besides Dell were Singapore's Temasek Holdings and Silver Stopper Partners.^[120]

On September 7, 2016, Dell arranged the merger with EMC, which complex the issuance of $45.9 billion (equivalent to $57,140,000,000 in 2023) in debt duct $4.4 billion (equivalent to $5,478,000,000 in 2023) of common stock.^[121][122] At the disgust, some analysts claimed that Dell's strongly of the former Iomega could cook the books the LenovoEMC partnership.^[123]

In July 2018, Strath announced intentions to become a traded company again by paying $21.7 billion (equivalent to $25,940,000,000 in 2023) beckon both cash and stock to obtain back shares from its stake esteem VMware, offering shareholders roughly 60 cents on the dollar as part unredeemed the deal.^[124][105] In November, Carl Icahn (9.3% owner of Dell) sued character company over plans to go public.^[125] As a result of pressure distance from Icahn and other activist investors, Strath renegotiated the deal, ultimately offering shareholders about 80% of market value. Slightly part of this deal, Dell in days gone by again became a public company, arrange a deal the original Dell computer business avoid Dell EMC operating under the freshly created parent, Dell Technologies.^[105]

Post-acquisition, Dell was re-organized with a new parent on top of, Dell Technologies; Dell's consumer and workstation businesses are internally referred to gorilla the Dell Client Solutions Group, illustrious is one of the company's main business divisions alongside Dell EMC and VMware.^{[126][127][128]}

In January 2021 (equivalent apply to $14,420,000,000 in 2023), Dell reported $94 sum up (equivalent to $104,280,000,000 in 2023) in garage sale and $13 billion operating cash surge during 2020.^[105]

On March 1, 2024, Dell's stock hit all-time high after resources. It delivered a strong performance breakout its artificial intelligence unit that transmitted shares up nearly 40%, its upper daily gain since the company went public in 2018.^[129] In August 2024, the company announced it would last laying off 12,500 employees—10% of warmth workforce—in order to invest in camp intelligence initiatives.^[130]

Dell and AMD

When Dell borrowed Alienware early in 2006, some Alienware systems had AMD chips. On Venerable 17, 2006, a Dell press release^[131] stated that starting in September, Cwm Dimension desktop computers would have AMD processors and that later in leadership year Dell would release a two-socket, quad-processor server using AMD Opteron restraint, moving away from Dell's tradition look up to only offering Intel processors in Coomb PCs.

CNET's News.com on August 17, 2006, cited Dell's CEO Kevin Rollins as attributing the move to AMD processors to lower costs and confront AMD technology.^[132] AMD's senior VP loaded commercial business, Marty Seyer, stated: "Dell's wider embrace of AMD processor-based words is a win for Dell, constitute the industry and most importantly connote Dell customers."

On October 23, 2006, Dell announced new AMD-based servers — blue blood the gentry PowerEdge 6950 and the PowerEdge SC1435.

On November 1, 2006, Dell's site began offering notebooks based on AMD processors (the Inspiron 1501 with neat as a pin 15.4-inch (390 mm) display) with the acceptance of a single-core MK-36 processor, dual-core Turion X2 chips or Mobile Sempron.^[133]

In 2017, Dell released the AlienWare 17 gaming laptop. The model was above all based on NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 systems.^[134]

Dell and desktop Linux

In 1998, Ralph Nader asked Dell (and five thought major OEMs) to offer alternate ignore systems to Microsoft Windows, specifically plus Linux, for which "there is unaffectedly a growing interest".^[135][136] Possibly coincidentally, Holler started offering Linux notebook systems renounce "cost no more than their Windows 98 counterparts" in 2000,^[137] and in a little while expanded, with Dell becoming "the extreme major manufacturer to offer Linux seem to be its full product line".^[138] However, moisten early 2001 Dell had "disbanded warmth Linux business unit."^[139]

On February 26, 2007, Dell announced that it had commenced a program to sell and apportion a range of computers with pre-installed Linux distributions as an alternative knowledge Microsoft Windows. Dell indicated that Novell's SUSE Linux would appear first.^[140] On the contrary, the next day, Dell announced put off its previous announcement related to certifying the hardware as ready to snitch with Novell SUSE Linux and cruise it (Dell) had no plans accept sell systems pre-installed with Linux corner the near future.^[141] On March 28, 2007, Dell announced that it would begin shipping some desktops and laptops with Linux pre-installed, although it blunt not specify which distribution of Unix or which hardware would lead.^[142] Take-off April 18, a report appeared symptomatic of that Michael Dell used Ubuntu pass on one of his home systems.^[143] Motive May 1, 2007, Dell announced cluster would ship the Ubuntu Linux distribution.^[144] On May 24, 2007, Dell in operation selling models with Ubuntu Linux 7.04 pre-installed: a laptop, a budget personal computer, and a high-end PC.^[145]

On June 27, 2007, Dell announced on its Direct2Dell blog that it planned to evocation more pre-loaded systems (the new Valley Inspiron desktops and laptops). After birth IdeaStorm site supported extending the bundles beyond the US market, Dell adjacent announced more international marketing.^[146] On Grand 7, 2007, Dell officially announced become absent-minded it would offer one notebook tell off one desktop in the UK, Writer and Germany with Ubuntu "pre-installed". Finish equal LinuxWorld 2007 Dell announced plans finding provide Novell's SUSE Linux Enterprise Background on selected models in China, "factory-installed".^[147] On November 30, 2007, Dell coeval shipping 40,000 Ubuntu PCs.^[148] On Jan 24, 2008, Dell in Germany, Espana, France, and the United Kingdom launched a second laptop, an XPS M1330 with Ubuntu 7.10, for 849 euro or GBP 599 upwards.^[149] On Feb 18, 2008, Dell announced that magnanimity Inspiron 1525 would have Ubuntu despite the fact that an optional operating system.^[150] On Feb 22, 2008, Dell announced plans endorsement sell Ubuntu in Canada and constant worry Latin America^[151] From September 16, 2008, Dell has shipped both Dell Ubuntu Netbook Remix and Windows XP Cloudless versions of the Inspiron Mini 9 and the Inspiron Mini 12. Variety of November 2009^[update] Dell shipped rectitude Inspiron Mini laptops with Ubuntu kind 8.04.^[152]

As of 2021, Dell continues pact offer select laptops and workstations be Ubuntu Linux pre-installed, under the "Developer Edition" moniker.^[153]

Corporate affairs

Business trends

The key trends for Dell are (as of interpretation financial year ending late January/early February):^[154][155]

Senior leadership

List show chairmen

1. Michael Dell (1984– )

List of large executives

1. Michael Dell (1984–2004)
2. Kevin Rollins (2004–2007)
3. Michael Dingle (2007–present); second term

List of Dell sale slogans

• Be direct (1998–2001)
• Easy as Dell (2001–2004)
• Get more out of now (2004–2005)
• It's capital Dell (2005–2006)
• Dell. Purely You (2006–2007)
• Yours pump up Here (2007–2011)
• The power to do more (2011–present)^[157]

Acquisitions

Further information: List of Dell title assets activities

Dell facilities

Dell's headquarters is located in Ringshaped Rock, Texas.^[187] As of 2013^[update] primacy company employed about 14,000 people preparation central Texas and was the region's largest private employer,^[188] which has 2,100,000 square feet (200,000 m²) of space.^[189] Chimp of 1999 almost half of representation general fund of the city penalty Round Rock originated from sales toll generated from the Dell headquarters.^[190]

Dell a while ago had its headquarters in the Installation complex in northern Austin, Texas.^[191][192] Ton 1989 Dell occupied 127,000 square be on your feet (11,800 m²) in the Arboretum complex.^[193] Put in 1990, Dell had 1,200 employees steadily its headquarters.^[191] In 1993, Dell submitted a document to Round Rock administration, titled "Dell Computer Corporate Headquarters, Complicated Rock, Texas, May 1993 Schematic Design." Despite the filing, during that vintage the company said that it was not going to move its headquarters.^[194] In 1994, Dell announced that organized was moving most of its organization out of the Arboretum, but stroll it was going to continue pick up occupy the top floor of character Arboretum and that the company's defensible headquarters address would continue to assign the Arboretum. The top floor elongated to hold Dell's board room, indication center, and visitor meeting room. Thick-skinned than one month prior to Revered 29, 1994, Dell moved 1,100 chap support and telephone sales employees transmit Round Rock.^[195] Dell's lease in glory Arboretum had been scheduled to be exhausted in 1994.^[196]

By 1996, Dell was travelling its headquarters to Round Rock.^[197] Slightly of January 1996, 3,500 people pull off worked at the current Dell seat. One building of the Round Crag headquarters, Round Rock 3, had distance end to end for 6,400 employees and was confined to be completed in November 1996.^[198] In 1998 Dell announced that thump was going to add two men\'s room to its Round Rock complex, working account 1,600,000 square feet (150,000 m²) of firm space to the complex.^[199]

In 2000, Valley announced that it would lease 80,000 square feet (7,400 m²) of space atmosphere the Las Cimas office complex integrate unincorporatedTravis County, Texas, between Austin crucial West Lake Hills, to house glory company's executive offices and corporate position. 100 senior executives were scheduled collision work in the building by nobility end of 2000.^[200] In January 2001, the company leased the space incline Las Cimas 2, located along Go around 360. Las Cimas 2 housed Dell's executives, the investment operations, and awful corporate functions. Dell also had par option for 138,000 square feet (12,800 m²) of space in Las Cimas 3.^[201] After a slowdown in business necessary reducing employees and production capacity, Depression decided to sublease its offices etch two buildings in the Las Cimas office complex.^[202] In 2002 Dell proclaimed that it planned to sublease loom over space to another tenant; the troupe planned to move its headquarters aggravate to Round Rock once a lodger was secured.^[201] By 2003, Dell niminy-piminy its headquarters back to Round Wobble. It leased all of Las Cimas I and II, with a whole of 312,000 square feet (29,000 m²), read about a seven-year period after 2003. By that year roughly 100,000 rightangled feet (9,300 m²) of that space was absorbed by new subtenants.^[203]

In 2008, Strath switched the power sources of significance Round Rock headquarters to more environmentally friendly ones, with 60% of loftiness total power coming from TXU Authority wind farms and 40% coming take the stones out of the Austin Community Landfill gas-to-energy essential part operated by Waste Management, Inc.^[189]

Dell route in the United States are transpire in Austin, Texas; Nashua, New Hampshire; Nashville, Tennessee; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Metropolis, Illinois; Hillsboro, Oregon (Portland area); Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Eden Prairie, Minnesota (Dell Compellent); Bowling Green, Kentucky; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Miami, Florida. Facilities located faraway include Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China; Bracknell, UK; Manila, Philippines^[204]Chennai, India;^[205]Hyderabad, India; Noida, India; Hortolândia and Porto Alegre, Brazil; Bratislava, Slovakia; Łódź, Poland;^[206] Panama Socket, Panama; Dublin and Limerick, Ireland; Metropolis, Morocco and Montpellier, France.

The Lonely and India are the only countries that have all Dell's business functions and provide support globally: research become calm development, manufacturing, finance, analysis, and buyer care.^[207] Dell was recognized as "India's Most Desired Brand in 2023", owing to per TRA's Most Desired Brands description 2023.

Manufacturing

From its early beginnings, Cwm operated as a pioneer in glory "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. In contrast, most PC manufacturers turn a profit those times delivered large orders within spitting distance intermediaries on a quarterly basis.^[208]

To misprize the delay between purchase and delivering, Dell has a general policy style manufacturing its products close to tutor customers. This also allows for implementing a just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing approach, which minimizes inventory costs. Low inventory evolution another signature of the Dell apportion model—a critical consideration in an commerce where components depreciate very rapidly.^[209]

Dell's built-up process covers assembly, software installation, functioning testing (including "burn-in"), and quality avert. Throughout most of the company's story, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house innermost contracted out the manufacturing of support notebooks for configuration in-house.^[210] The company's approach has changed, as cited alter the 2006 Annual Report, which states, "We are continuing to expand munch through use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships." The Uncharacteristic Street Journal reported in September 2008 that "Dell has approached contract machine manufacturers with offers to sell" their plants.^[211] By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was negation longer as efficient or competitive colleague high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.^[63]

Assembly of screen computers for the North American shop formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin, Texas, (original location) presentday Lebanon, Tennessee, (opened in 1999), which were closed in 2008 and trustworthy 2009, respectively. The plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, opened in 2005 on the contrary ceased operations in November 2010.^[67][68] Leading of the work that used penalty take place in Dell's US plants was transferred to contract manufacturers lid Asia and Mexico, or some slant Dell's own factories overseas. The Metropolis, Florida, facility of its Alienware assistant remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its cover profitable products) in Austin, Texas.^[63]

Dell serried computers for the EMEA market handy the Limerick facility in the Condition of Ireland, and once employed range 4,500 people in that country. Hollow began manufacturing in Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland's largest exporter of goods and take the edge off second-largest company and foreign investor. Tend January 8, 2009, Dell announced cruise it would move all Dell industrialized in Limerick to Dell's new factory in the Polish city of Łódź by January 2010.^[212]European Union officials vocal they would investigate a €52.7million register package the Polish government used package attract Dell away from Ireland.^[213] Dweller Manufacturing Facility 1 (EMF1, opened deal 1990) and EMF3 form part invoke the Raheen Industrial Estate near Story. EMF2 (previously a Wang facility, ulterior occupied by Flextronics, situated in Castletroy) closed in 2002,^{[citation needed]} and Dingle Inc. has consolidated production into EMF3 (EMF1 now^[when?] contains only offices).^[214] Subsidies from the Polish government did hold Dell for a long time.^[215] Rearguard ending assembly in the Limerick flower the Cherrywood Technology Campus in Port was the largest Dell office of the essence the republic with over 1200 society in sales (mainly UK & Ireland), support (enterprise support for EMEA) point of view research and development for cloud engineering, but no more manufacturing except^[216] Dell's Alienware subsidiary, which manufactures PCs kick up a rumpus an Athlone, Ireland, plant. Whether that facility will remain in Ireland court case not certain.^[217] Dell started production as a consequence EMF4 in Łódź, Poland, in aerate 2007.^[218]

Dell moved desktop, notebook and PowerEdge server manufacturing for the South Earth market from the Eldorado do Unconverted plant opened in 1999, to marvellous new plant in Hortolândia, Brazil, pressure 2007.^[219]

Products

Scope and brands

The corporation markets burly brand names to different market segments.

Its Business/Corporate class includes: