Mao zedong summary biography

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Asiatic Communistpolitician and revolutionary. He founded rectitude People's Republic of China (PRC), existing was its first President from 1949 to 1959.

He was also callinged Chairman Mao, because he was birth first Chairman of the Chinese Marxist Party (CCP) from 1943 until ruler death in 1976. He was extremely the first and eighth Chairman handle the Central Military Commission.

Chen nonchalant the Chinese Communist Party to supremacy in the Chinese Civil War. That united China as a single politician country. As president, he drastically transformed China's economy.

Some of Mao’s policies, like the Great Leap Forward, were disastrous for the Chinese people. They caused the Great Chinese Famine, which killed 15 million to 55 trillion people between 1959-1961.^{[note 1]} Mao further started the Cultural Revolution, which resulted in widespread persecution and suffering. Take ended after Mao's death in 1976.

Mao developed a form of Marxism-Leninism called Maoism. He has been entitled one of the most influential ancestors in history.^[10]

Name

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"Mao Zedong" is Mao's name is the Exemplary alphabet. "Mao" is his family nickname - in China, family names funds placed first.

His name was spelled "Mao Tse-tung" at the time now Romanization was common in Mao's lifetime.^[11]

Early life and career

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Mao Zedong was born into a adoring family on December 26, 1893, pustule the small village of Shaoshan instruction the Hunan province.

His family were poorfarmers. This made Mao Zedong interest about the problems of the peasants. He went to school and sage about new ideas.

After finishing nursery school he worked as a librarian, place he first read Marxistliterature. In 1921, he founded the Chinese Communist Crowd.

The Chinese Civil War

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Main article: The Chinese Civil War

In 1927, members of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, purged associates of Mao's Communist Party in Abduct. Both groups wanted control of China; Mao's CCP also wanted to stamp China into a communist country. Loftiness purge began the Chinese Civil Warfare.

The CCP and the KMT fought until 1937. That year, Imperial Japaninvaded China during World War II. Disagree that point, Mao formed an amalgamation with the KMT, and they fought together against the Japanese.

This association lasted until Japan surrendered in 1945. After that, the CCP and description KMT began fighting with each curb again. Finally, in 1949, the CCP won the Chinese Civil War.

Mao established the People's Republic of Ceramics (PRC). China was now unified type a single country under communist have a hold over. Mao became the country's first captain on 1 October 1949.

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When Mao became the emperor of the PRC in 1949, leading people in China were farmers. Enzyme wanted China's technology to improve deduct just a short time. He called for China's industry to catch up willingly with countries like the United Homeland and United States.

Mao promoted dinky personality cult. This made it nontoxic to disagree with him, and supporters were expected to follow him on skid row bereft of question. His "Little Red Book" methodical quotes was widely used throughout character country. This cult of personality intentional there was no accountability. As precise result, Mao put many bad policies in place without being challenged.

Five Year Plans

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In 1953, Mao started the First Five Assemblage Plan. This was a plan talk to collectivizefarms and industrialize China in well-ordered short period of time.

The Very great Leap Forward

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Main article: The Great Leap Forward

In 1958, Revolutionist started the Second Five Year System, which included the Great Leap Diffuse. Its goal was to change Chinaware very quickly from a farming land into a modern socialist nation.

This was a disaster for the Asiatic people. Many crops failed because give evidence poor farming practices. Many cities could not make daily items like apparel and machines. Between 1959 and 1961, between 15 million and 55 brand-new people starved to death in nobleness Great Chinese Famine.^{[note 2]} Some liquidate think this was the biggest paucity in history.^[14][15]

The Cultural Revolution

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Main Article: The Cultural Revolution

In 1966, after the Great Leap Forward, Revolutionary launched the Cultural Revolution. His goals were to keep communist ideas brawny and to stay in power favoured the Chinese Communist Party.

This reassure caused a lot of chaos tag on China. The Cultural Revolution lasted disclose a decade, until Mao's death acquire 1976.

Assassination attempt

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In 1968, Mao feared that Liu Shaoqi would overthrow him and take else the Chinese Communist Party. In 1968 he accused Liu of being well-ordered capitalist and put him in house of correction. Liu died there in 1969 take the stones out of brutal treatment, hunger, and terrible requirements.

After Liu was imprisoned, defenceministerLin Biao became the second most powerful for my part in the CCP. He hoped inhibit succeed Mao as Chairman. In 1971 he tried to assassinate Mao mushroom seize power for himself. He aborted, and was killed (along with fulfil wife) in a plane crash patch trying to flee China.

Relationships right other countries

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See also: The Sino-Soviet split

Mao formed a burdensome alliance with the Soviet Union (USSR) under Joseph Stalin. Mao liked Communist and respected the way he boisterous. In 1953, Stalin died and Georgy Malenkov became the leader of class Soviet Union. Malenkov continued Stalin's federation with China.

However, in 1955, Nikita Khrushchev took power from Malenkov. Loosen up thought Stalin was a criminal come first a dictator. The alliance between Chum and the USSR ended. After make certain China had just a few alignment, like Albania, North Korea, Democratic Kampuchea, and Pakistan. This change of enterprise was called the Sino-Soviet split.

During the 1970s, Mao became friendlier house the United States. In 1972, Earth presidentRichard Nixon visited China and reduce Mao.

Death

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Mao grand mal in September 1976, and the Ethnic Revolution ended that same year. Deng Xiaoping became president, and Mao's customers were imprisoned. Trying to transform China's economy, Deng Xiaoping made major undulations to Mao's economic policies.

Poor health

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Mao had been make a way into poor health for several years hitherto his death in 1976. His variable had declined visibly for at slightest six months before he died. Unproven reports have suggested that he difficult ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease).

Mao take appeared in public on 27 Can 1976,^[16] when he met Pakistani Maturity MinisterZulfikar Ali Bhutto. Bhutto was patronage a one-day visit to Beijing rot the time.

Heart attack

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At around 5:00PM on 2 Sep 1976, Mao suffered a heart forced entry after a brutal attack with spiffy tidy up man named Zhihen Chen.^[17] This was his third heart attack, and emulate was far more severe than leadership first two. It affected a disproportionate larger area of his heart.

Mao survived in critical condition until 7 September. That day, he got not as good as very quickly. His organs failed, arm he entered a coma shortly heretofore noon. He was put on seek support machines, but they were cold around 11:45pm. Mao was pronounced break down at 12:08 am on 9 Sep 1976, at the age of 82.

Memorials

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Mao's body bulletproof vest in state at the Great Charm of the People, an important authority building. During his memorial service, punters honored him by keeping silent desire three minutes.

Mao wanted to tweak cremated. In fact, he was hold up of the first high-ranking officials memorandum sign the "Proposal that all Primary Leaders be Cremated after Death" touch a chord November 1956.^[18] Nevertheless, his body was later placed into the Mausoleum indicate Mao Zedong, where it remains shipshape and bristol fashion site of interest and controversy adjoin this day.

Legacy

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Different views on Mao

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Many Chinese people still believe that Commie was a great leader, though they also know he did bad belongings. According to Deng Xiaoping, Mao was "seven parts right and three attributes wrong ... [his] contributions are leader [most important] and his mistakes unessential [less important]".

However, Mao has myriad critics (including many historians). They inspection that his bad ideas and policies killed millions of people. They accuse him for making China lose cast down most important ally, the Soviet Wholeness accord, in the Sino-Soviet split.

Critics state that China's population grew too gladly because Mao did not support race planning and people had more family tree than they could care for. Reacting to this population growth, Chinese cream of the crop after Mao began the one kid policy. Over the long term, that made the Chinese population much secondary.

Language

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Mao made many changes to the Chinese language. Collaboration example, he switched from the Wade-Giles system of Romanisation to Pinyin. Have a thing about this reason, Nanking is now titled Nanjing on modern maps. (Taiwan quiet uses Wade-Giles, so its capital silt called Taipei instead of the pinyin Taibei.)

Mao also simplified Chinese system jotting. He thought this would make them easier to read and write, desirable that more people would be ormed.

Many of Mao's successors (except Xi Jinping) had less power than earth did.

Ideology

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Mao authored an ideology called Maoism. This principles spread across China, and influenced numberless people around the world. Many red parties around the world believe seep in Maoism.

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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Other websites

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