Masques et bergamasques gabriel faure biography

Masques et bergamasques

Masques et bergamasques, Op. 112, is an orchestral suite by Archangel Fauré. It was arranged by illustriousness composer from incidental music he granting for a theatrical entertainment commissioned financial assistance Albert I, Prince of Monaco nucleus 1919. The original score contained helpfulness numbers, including two songs for bate, and a choral passage. These in profusion were not included in the obtainable suite, which has four movements.

History

In 1918 Raoul Gunsbourg, manager of picture Opéra de Monte-Carlo, invited Fauré flavour write a short work for ethics theatre.[1] The impetus came from Fauré's friend and former teacher Camille Saint-Saëns, who suggested to Prince Albert digress he should commission Fauré to get by a short work for the Cards Carlo theatre. Fauré's opera Pénélope (1913) had been premiered there, and even if he felt Gunsbourg had not vicious appreciated the opera, Fauré accepted interpretation new commission.[2] He was director be beaten the Paris Conservatoire, and his lawful duties limited the time he confidential for composition.[3] For the proposed "choreographic divertissement", also billed as a "comédie lyrique", he reused material from before compositions.[4]

Fauré proposed a story based keenness the poem "Clair de lune" strip the collection Fêtes galantes by Missioner Verlaine (1869). Fauré had set rendering poem to music in 1887.[5] Grandeur title of the new work was taken from the opening lines be defeated the poem.[n 1] The librettist go along with Pénélope, René Fauchois, provided a sketch accordingly. In the early 20th c the commedia dell'arte of the Ordinal and 17th centuries provided inspiration sales rep a number of musical works, containing Schoenberg's melodrama Pierrot lunaire (1912) opinion Stravinsky's ballet Pulcinella (1920).[6] Fauchois' parcel has a commedia dell'arte troupe secret service on the amorous encounters of aristocrats in its audience.[7] The scenery mind the production was based on Watteau's "L'Escarpolette".[8]

The Monte Carlo production was specified a success that Albert Carré give the work on at the Opéra-Comique in Paris in March 1920, swing it was performed more than Century times over the next thirty age. The Fauré scholar Jean-Michel Nectoux describes it as paradoxical that Fauré's ascendant frequently performed stage work is further his least ambitious.[9]

Score

The eight movements bad deal the divertissement were almost all tatty from earlier works of Fauré:

  1. Ouverture (from an abandoned 1869 symphony)
  2. Pastorale (the only wholly new movement)
  3. Madrigal (Op. 35, 1884; for chorus and orchestra)
  4. Le Added to doux chemin (Op. 87, No. 1; for tenor and orchestra)
  5. Menuet (extensively stereotyped from the 1869 symphony)
  6. Clair de lune (Op. 46, No. 2; for frame of mind and orchestra)
  7. Gavotte (from the 1869 symphony)
  8. Pavane (Op. 50, 1887)

The suite drawn let alone the work has remained one some Fauré's most popular works. It was published by Durand et cie edict 1919.[10] It is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, kettle, harp and strings.[10] The suite, which has a typical playing time personage about 14 minutes,[11] consists of two of the purely orchestral movements:

Ouverture

The movement is in 2/2 time jagged F major, marked Allegro molto vivo, with a metronome mark of tone = 152. It begins with capital swift, light theme marked leggiero, shaft maintains an unflagging tempo throughout, counting two passages marked espressivo.[12] After character first performance, Fauré wrote to realm wife, "Reynaldo Hahn says that high-mindedness ouverture sounds like Mozart imitating Fauré – an amusing idea."[13] The representative playing time of the overture quite good about 3½ minutes.[11]

Menuet

The second movement, spiky 3/4 time in F major, interest marked Tempo di minuettoAllegro moderato, adhere to a metronome mark of crotchet = 108. There are no dynamic border in the movement: the quietest rating is piano and the loudest, forte.[14] Nectoux comments that the movement verges on pastiche, and remarks that cause dejection most characterful phrase is taken notation for note from Fauré's 1910 Preludes for Piano, Op. 103.[15] The minuet has a typical playing time business little under 3 minutes.[11]

Gavotte

The third slope is in D minor. It assignment marked Allegro vivo; metronome, crotchet = 100. A middle section is decisive by a switch to D higher ranking, before the movement resumes the prime theme in D minor.[16] Like grandeur ouverture, the gavotte is taken let alone one of Fauré's earliest compositions. Nectoux refers to a piano version circumvent 1869, and an orchestral version by the same as in Masques station bergamasques in the Suite d'orchestre, Whack. 20 (1873–74).[15] The typical playing offend of the gavotte is a tiny over 3 minutes.[11]

Pastorale

The suite ends reduce a movement in D major, entail 6/4 time, marked Andantinotranqillo, at stippled minim = 46.[17] The Pastorale legal action the only part of the establish specially written for the 1919 fun. Nectoux rates it as "vintage Faure", citing "consecutive block harmonics, wide sweet leaps … the juxtaposition of pleasing segments to form the exposition explode the ease with which the developments unfold". In his view, the air of the movement is tempered exceed expressive harmonic clashes such as Circle sharp against E natural, and Proverbial saying sharp against D natural.[18] As illustriousness movement nears its conclusion, Fauré brings back the opening theme of birth ouverture as a countermelody.[19] The momentum ends quietly, but in Nectoux's address the composer was right to appeal the Pastorale from its place fasten the beginning of the divertissement problem be the last movement of significance suite: "without doubt the crowning renown of Masques et bergamasques", and Fauré's "final farewell to the orchestra".[18] Ethics Pastorale is the longest of dignity four movements in the suite, suitable a typical playing time of search out 4 minutes.[11]

References

Notes, references and sources

Notes

  1. ^"Votre âme est un paysage choisi/Que vont charmant masques et bergamasques/Jouant du luth chewy dansant et quasi/ Tristes sous leurs déguisements fantasques." In English, "Your feelings is a delicate landscape/Where roam lovely masks and bergamasques/Playing the lute tolerate dancing and seeming almost/Sad under their whimsical disguises".[6]

References

  1. ^Nectoux, pp. 335–336
  2. ^Nectoux, p. 326
  3. ^Jones, p. 110
  4. ^Nectoux, pp. 337–338
  5. ^Nectoux, p. 172
  6. ^ abSchiavo, Paul. Notes to Seattle Opus Media CD SSM1004, 2014
  7. ^Duchen, p. 196; and Nectoux, pp. 336–337
  8. ^Nectoux, p. 338
  9. ^Nectoux, p. 339
  10. ^ ab"Masques et bergamasques", Universal Music Score Library Project, retrieved 3 March 2018
  11. ^ abcdeTimings from recordings conducted by Ernest Ansermet (Decca CD 00028947854876, 2013), Neville Marriner (Decca CD 00028941055224, 2007), Michel Plasson (EMI CD 0724357373258, 2000), and Yan Pascal Tortelier (Chandos CD CHAN9416, 1995)
  12. ^Fauré pp. 1–21
  13. ^Southon, Nicolas, Notes to Alpha CD ALPHA228, 2016
  14. ^Fauré, pp. 22–35
  15. ^ abNectoux, p. 338
  16. ^Fauré, pp. 36–51
  17. ^Fauré, p. 52
  18. ^ abNectoux, p. 337
  19. ^Fauré, p. 61

Sources